The Influence of America's First Ladies
2021-02-15
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1When Joe Biden became president on January 20, Jill Biden, his wife, took on an important job in American society.
2She became first lady of the United States.
3The position comes with no pay, but it is influential.
4So, many people paid attention when Biden became the first of America's first ladies to keep the job she had before her husband became president.
5Jill Biden has a doctorate in education and is a professor of English at a community college in Virginia, just outside of Washington, D.C.
6Some Americans might be surprised to learn that Biden would keep her old job.
7An expert on the subject is Katherine Jellison.
8She is a history professor at Ohio University.
9Jellison said, since Biden is a teacher, which is a traditional job for women, most Americans will accept her outside work.
10Barbara Perry is a presidential historian at the University of Virginia.
11She said most Americans see presidents as "father figures."
12She said: "That makes first ladies maternal figures and kind of mothers of our country."
13What about if they are younger women?
14John F. Kennedy's wife, Jacqueline, was only 31 when she became first lady.
15If the first lady is a younger woman, Perry said, Americans "see her as an older sister or glamorous aunt."
16However, first ladies do not just stand behind their husbands.
17They often take on projects.
18Among first ladies, Eleanor Roosevelt was possibly the first to be remembered as an activist.
19She came to the White House, the official presidential home, in 1933 after Franklin Roosevelt won the election in 1932.
20Perry said some Americans thought Eleanor Roosevelt pushed too hard for changes.
21She asked her husband to work on civil rights, labor rights and women's rights.
22"She was always pressing for the social programs that she wanted and was much reviled because of that," Perry said.
23While not every first lady was like Roosevelt, she set an example for those to come.
24First ladies have long been recognized for the causes they supported.
25Jacqueline Kennedy worked to renovate the White House and make sure it was home to historic art and objects from U.S. history.
26Lyndon Johnson's wife, Lady Bird Johnson, supported environmental protection causes.
27Nancy Reagan asked children to stay away from drugs.
28Barbara Bush worked to help more people learn to read.
29Michelle Obama was interested in healthy eating and planted a vegetable garden at the White House.
30Perry said most Americans were happy to support those kinds of projects.
31But sometimes Americans think women in the White House do too much.
32Perry said that happened with Hillary Clinton.
33In 1993, she said, Bill Clinton appointed Hillary to lead a group that worked to change the American health care system.
34Perry said the public was not accepting of Clinton's part in shaping policy: "She had to go back to more soft-power approaches to being first lady."
35Kate Andersen Brower is a presidential historian who wrote about first ladies in a book called "First Women."
36She said both Melania Trump and Nancy Reagan had influence over who worked with the president.
37Brower said Trump did not like the way one adviser treated one of the people who worked for her during a trip overseas.
38Melania Trump asked that the adviser be dismissed.
39Reagan, Brower said, "decided who would be in and who was out."
40Clinton was not successful in her attempt at shaping healthcare policy.
41However, Brower said she did suggest that her husband choose Ruth Bader Ginsberg as a Supreme Court justice.
42Brower said Jill Biden can change the way Americans think about first ladies by being both a working woman and a wife.
43She also said there is likely to be a big change ahead when, one day, a woman is elected president.
44I'm Dan Friedell.
1When Joe Biden became president on January 20, Jill Biden, his wife, took on an important job in American society. She became first lady of the United States. 2The position comes with no pay, but it is influential. 3So, many people paid attention when Biden became the first of America's first ladies to keep the job she had before her husband became president. Jill Biden has a doctorate in education and is a professor of English at a community college in Virginia, just outside of Washington, D.C. 4Some Americans might be surprised to learn that Biden would keep her old job. An expert on the subject is Katherine Jellison. She is a history professor at Ohio University. Jellison said, since Biden is a teacher, which is a traditional job for women, most Americans will accept her outside work. 5Barbara Perry is a presidential historian at the University of Virginia. She said most Americans see presidents as "father figures." She said: "That makes first ladies maternal figures and kind of mothers of our country." 6What about if they are younger women? 7John F. Kennedy's wife, Jacqueline, was only 31 when she became first lady. If the first lady is a younger woman, Perry said, Americans "see her as an older sister or glamorous aunt." 8An activist tradition 9However, first ladies do not just stand behind their husbands. They often take on projects. Among first ladies, Eleanor Roosevelt was possibly the first to be remembered as an activist. She came to the White House, the official presidential home, in 1933 after Franklin Roosevelt won the election in 1932. 10Perry said some Americans thought Eleanor Roosevelt pushed too hard for changes. She asked her husband to work on civil rights, labor rights and women's rights. "She was always pressing for the social programs that she wanted and was much reviled because of that," Perry said. 11While not every first lady was like Roosevelt, she set an example for those to come. First ladies have long been recognized for the causes they supported. Jacqueline Kennedy worked to renovate the White House and make sure it was home to historic art and objects from U.S. history. Lyndon Johnson's wife, Lady Bird Johnson, supported environmental protection causes. Nancy Reagan asked children to stay away from drugs. Barbara Bush worked to help more people learn to read. Michelle Obama was interested in healthy eating and planted a vegetable garden at the White House. 12Perry said most Americans were happy to support those kinds of projects. But sometimes Americans think women in the White House do too much. Perry said that happened with Hillary Clinton. 13In 1993, she said, Bill Clinton appointed Hillary to lead a group that worked to change the American health care system. Perry said the public was not accepting of Clinton's part in shaping policy: "She had to go back to more soft-power approaches to being first lady." 14Who would be in... 15Kate Andersen Brower is a presidential historian who wrote about first ladies in a book called "First Women." 16She said both Melania Trump and Nancy Reagan had influence over who worked with the president. Brower said Trump did not like the way one adviser treated one of the people who worked for her during a trip overseas. Melania Trump asked that the adviser be dismissed. 17Reagan, Brower said, "decided who would be in and who was out." 18Clinton was not successful in her attempt at shaping healthcare policy. However, Brower said she did suggest that her husband choose Ruth Bader Ginsberg as a Supreme Court justice. 19Brower said Jill Biden can change the way Americans think about first ladies by being both a working woman and a wife. She also said there is likely to be a big change ahead when, one day, a woman is elected president. 20I'm Dan Friedell. 21VOA's Dora Mekouar reported this story. Dan Friedell adapted it for Learning English. Mario Ritter, Jr. was the editor. 22Do you think Jill Biden will be a good first lady? We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments Section and visit our Facebook page. 23________________________________________________________________ 24Words in This Story 25doctorate- n. the highest degree that is given by a university 26maternal- adj. of or relating to a mother 27glamorous -adj. very exciting and attractive 28revile- v. to speak about (someone or something) in a very critical or insulting way 29renovate- v. to make changes and repairs to (an old house, building, room, etc.) so that it is back in good condition